思潮英文名师技巧：带你轻松攻破托福阅读修辞手法类题型

来源：中国网
 
TOEFL
本週話題
#修辞手法类题型解题方法 #
 

 
 
修辞手法类的题目是
托福阅读中常见的题型
这种题目是某部分学生的致命弱点
由于这种题目的解题方法
与传统的细节题和总结类题目
都不太一样
以上两类题目都应该在
关键词对应的句子中找对答案
但是修辞手法类题目有点与众不同
它的答案只能在关键词所在句子的
前一句或后一句中找到
以下跟大家探讨一下原因
修辞手法类出现较多的题目关键词是mention或者是example，大部分题目都是考查例子与结论之间的关系。
如果按照一般的细节题的解题方法，容易被这个例子所困，走不出逻辑的怪圈。比如说：
①最近天气变化非常快。
②昨天最低温才15℃，今天最高温只有8℃了。
这两句话中，后者为例子，前者为结论。我们的题目一般会问，为什么文章提到今天和昨天的温度？
如果我们用往常的方法，通过关键词定位到后者，一直在这句话中纠结，我们很可能得不出结论（尤其是逻辑不太好的同学）。但是我们转过头来，看上一句话，那么答案就非常明显了。
当然，其实对于头脑转得快的同学，其实也能理解，只是如果掌握了这个技巧，解题会更加快。
接下来我们用TPO的题目做个示范：
Paragraph 5: Even the kind ofstabilitydefined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability.Mathematical modelsof ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does notguaranteeecosystem stability—just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is, in general, more likely than a simple system to break down.A fifteen-speedracing bicycleis more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle.
9. In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that “A fifteen-speedracing bicycleis more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle”?
(A) To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an everyday example
(B) To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystems can be applied to help understand stability in other situations
(C) To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general,stabilityincreases with diversity
(D) To provide an example that contradictsmathematical modelsof ecosystems
在这道题目中，关键句说的是一辆用于竞赛的自行车比小孩子的三轮车更容易坏掉。
其实就是为了证明前一句话，我们可以得出结论：越是复杂的系统，越容易崩溃。用同义转换的方法可以确定答案是A。
同学们跟上了吗？再来一题！
Paragraph 6: But neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to anautonomoustheater. Therefore, additional explanations are needed. One necessary condition seems to be a somewhat detached view of human problems.For example, one sign of this condition is the appearance of the comic vision, since comedy requires sufficientdetachmentto view some deviations fromsocialnorms as ridiculous rather than as serious threats to the welfare of the entire group.Another condition that contributes to the development ofautonomoustheater is the emergence of the aesthetic sense. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.
11. Why does the author mention “comedy”?
(A) To give an example of early types of theater
(B) To explain how theater helps a society respond to threats to its welfare
(C) To help explain whydetachmentis needed for the development of theater
(D) To show how theatrical performers become detached from other members of society
这道题目相对较难，从理解上不容易判断，但是如果用技巧的话可以很快解决。关键词在for example那一句中，这句话说的是喜剧出现的背景，它的目的就在前一句，说的是我们在看待喜剧的时候需要用一种置身事外的态度。所以可以马上用同义转换判断答案是C。
但是如果要从例子中理解再总结的话，需要的时间比较长哦，而且逻辑也不是一般的难。所以，在做这类题目的时候，应该找关键词的前一句话或者后一句话。